1. Transcription- is the process of of creating RNA from the DNA template. Though DNA and RNA are similar, they also have two important differences. The first being that the deoxyribose has one less hydroxyl group then the ribose. The second difference is very important to the synthesis of proteins, instead of the nitrogeneous base thymine(T) in DNA, the RNA has uracil (U). In the nucleus the DNA is transcribed and the mRNA, or messanger RNA, is created.
2. Translation- is the process of creating proteins from the mRNA code. The ribosome provides the area for the translation. To translate the mRNA into proteins a triplet code of RNA sequencing called a codon is read. Just as words are created from specific letters arranged in a specific order, so are each codon specific to one of twenty amino acids. There are also codons to stop the polypeptide from forming or to start it. The amino acids are found in the cell's cytoplasm and are transfered by the tRNA, or transfer RNA. Each tRNA carries an anticodon on one end and bears the amino acid on the other. (See picture above) When the amino acids are gathered together they are linked together by peptide bonds to create a protein. The ribosome itself is the ezyme that will create the peptide bond.
1. Bound ribosomes- are found on a rough endoplasmic reticulum. The functions of bound ribosome are to create proteins to be used in the cell membrane, vacuoles, or to be sent out of the cell.
2. Free ribosomes- are located within the cytoskeleton and focus on making the proteins for the cell.